Stepped shaft design procedure

Can design key to be weakest link to fail in case of overload. Calculate the torque on the shaft from power step 2. Preliminary design of a power transmission shaft under fatigue. This page provides the chapter on shaft analysis from the air force stress. Procedures for design and selection of mechanical elements. Define all notches, neckingdown and holes which may cause stress concentration. Counter shaft is a shaft which connects with the clutch shaft directly. There is ongoing development of a gear d riven compressor for an aircraft engine that could reduce fuel consumption by 15%. An overall shaft design procedure is presented including consideration of bearing and component mounting and shaft dynamics using the asme design code for transmission shafting.

Danotesu of w australia very informative section on stress strength and safety for shafts. Calculate the bending moment due to the acting forces. Chapter 9 shaft design colorado school of mines excellent downloadable chapter of shaft design. The press should be bolted to a sturdy workbench or the floor.

Hydraulic design of surge shaft surge shaft is a structure provided at the end of headrace tunnel or pipe to account for water hammering effect in the pipe at its downstream. Paykani 3 this paper presents a design method and a vibration analysis of a carbonepoxy composite drive shaft. An integrated procedure for stepped shaft design figure 1 shows the integrated stepped shaft design technique that will be used to automatically calculate the optimal dimensions of stepped shafts, based on new integrated approach of stress, deflection, and critical speed analysis. To begin the analysis, load solidworks simulation by navigating to. Design procedure for lined channels minimize the cost of the lining material. It is noted that if the section includes any other type of stress raiser such as a step in the shaft. Stepped shaft design case study design a shaft to support the attachments shown with a minimum design safety factor of 2. To begin the analysis, load solidworks simulation by navigating to the office products tab or loading it through the. The attachments include a gear at b attached to shaft the diameter di with a key, a sheave at d over diameter di. Chapter 9 hydraulic structures september 2017 urban drainage and flood control district 93 urban storm drainage criteria manual volume 2 there are two fundamental systems of a drop structure that require design consideration. Amplitudes of vibration for cracked stepped shaft at constant speed 2000 rpm are 2.

The minimum clearance between reinforcing bars shall be 17. The force transmitted between the gears is at 20degree angle called pressure angle. Suppose you have a shaft starting from left to right with a o3. Based on the preliminary design of the minimum diameter and technological and functional requirements, make a design of the shaft shape in paragraph 2.

Stepless shafts have the steps pounded out of them. An arbor press is a safe method for removal and installation. Design of shaft basis of rigidity uk essays ukessays. For stepped shaft with individual cylinder length l. When a stepped shaft is to be studied, direct successive integration becomes tedious. Identical to find best hydraulic section, if uniform thickness of the lining material is employed. Shaft deflection calculator convenient calculator for shafts of on dia. On calculating the slope and deflection of a stepped. Allowing you to solve more complex shafts with more loads, bearings and stress concentrations. A modified shaft was manufactured incorporating stepped shoulders and chromed landings to facilitate easier stripping and assembly of the rotor. For design of structure foundations, the overall wsdot design process, including both the geotechnical and structural design functions, is as illustrated in figure 81. Compare combined stresses to suitable allowable stresses. A shaft is a rotating member usually of circular crossection solid or hollow, which is used to transmit power and rotational motion. In sloped or stepped footings, the effective crosssection in compression shall be limited by the area above the neutral plane, and the angle of slope or depth and location of steps should be such that the design requirements are satisfied at every section.

Stepping the shaft seat with a generous shoulder fillet radius or providing stressrelieving. If similar materials must be used, such as often the case in construction e quipment where a steel pin runs inside a steel bore, one of the elements should be harder than the other. The design of the composite drive shaft is divided into two main sections. We will discuss the design concept of a drive shaft subjected to. The converter output voltage set at 60 hz is stepped up to 6. On calculating the slope and deflection of a stepped and. When designing machine one cannot apply rigid rules to get the best design for the machine at the lowest possible cost. Design stresses in shafts august 15, 2007 23 find the torsion in the shaft. A steel shaft should not run in a steel bore, but it can run in a bronze lined bore e. Slip fit of component onto shaft for easy assembly. Chapter 8 foundation design washington state department of.

Surge shaft is considered to be an important component of hydropower projects, especially for those involving headrace pressure tunnels. Stepped shaft automatic design considering a new integrated. Angle of twist for stepped shafts mechanical engineering. The rifle shaft has an additional internal rifling like that in the bore of a gun, which adds to its ability to dampen or actually not generate vibration as much as a stepped shaft or a stepless shaft without the rifling.

As the plot shows, if the coefficient of friction can be kept below 0. Do stepless shafts offer any advantages over stepped. On calculating the slope and deflection of a stepped and tapered shaft introduction as this is written there are natural gas fired power plants that include a bottoming cycle achiev ing 45% thermodynamic efficiency. Determine torque in shafts from gears, pulleys, sprockets, clutches, and couplings.

Study of critical speed and natural frequency with varying diameter and materials of stepped shaft using campbell diagram by using fea. It may be run runs at the engine speed or at lower than engine speed according to gear ratio. The geometry of shaft is generally that of stepped li dcyner. How to design a drive shaft drive shaft design for a. Bearing installation and removal basics processing magazine. Angle of twist for stepped shafts lyletk mechanical 26 dec 00 11. Dont forget that for a stepped shaft the moment of inertia is also a function of x. You can see a shaft in almost every machine, which has rotating parts. This paper presents a concise stepbystep fatigue analysis. Optimization of the keyway design with consideration of. A shaft is always stepped with maximum diameter in the middle and minimum diameter at the two ends. Planetary stage design, shaft design, bearing selection. For stepped shaft with individual cylinder length l i and torque t i, the angular deflection can be estimated from for constant torque throughout homogeneous material experimental evidence shows that these equations slightly underestimate the angular deflection. The main advantage of stepped shaft over plain shaft is its high torsional rigidity.

Shaft keys, shaft key design, rectangular keys, square keys, woodruff keys, gib keys, taper keys. The overall process for geotechnical design is addressed in chapters 1 and 23. Numerical problems on shaft design 1 a shaft is supported by two bearings which are placed 1m apart. Method of analysis of stepped shaft detailed notes using energy methods.

Deflection in stepped shaft mechanical engineering. Obtain step shaft assembly from the shared drive, this assembly should include the step shaft and two bearing supports with constraints already provided. It is advisable to follow the following procedure with the design and check. Shaft design introduction standard diameters of shafts torsion. Shaft design objectives compute forces acting on shafts from gears, pulleys, and sprockets. Firstly, it is important to provide a general labeled. First, the design of the composite shaft and second, the design of its coupling. The input shaft has a speed of 350 rpm ni and the output shaft should be capable of running at speeds of 950 rpm, 650 rpm, 450 rpm, 250 rpm, and 150 rpm. Effect of crack depth of rotating stepped shaft on dynamic. Shaft shown drives a gear set that is transmitting 5 hp at 1750 rpm. Design and optimization of automobile propeller shaft with. A rack and pinion along with a long handle are used to provide leverage. Torsional rigidity is defined as the minimum force required to deform an object by twisting through a unit dimension in this case, for twisting the dimension is in angle of twist.

Thus far, this approach to solving for the deflection of stepped shafts has been presented to nearly 300 junior mechanical engineering students. Dynamic analysis of stepped cracked shaft has been carried out successfully. Shaft keys are important machine components designed to transmit torque and rotative force. However, shaft with other cross sections find special application.

Shaft design based on strengthshaft design based on strength ai l t ti axial stress continue. Carla egelhoff, montana tech of the university of montana dr. Calculate the loads coming from gears, belts or chains step 4. Torsional rigidity is defined as the minimum force required to deform an object by twisting through a u. There is no magic formula to give the shaft geometry f. Fatigue, fatigue failure, fatigue analysis, shaft design. Damage can be seen on old shaft and 4th stage impeller bore, due to poor design and material selection by the oem. Shaft keys types and their design bright hub engineering. Deflection of stepped shafts 2 used castiglianos theorem to find the. Specialist tools were designed and manufactured to help with the stripping procedure. A simplified design method summary a simple method is presented for the design of stepped columns which presents. There are several types of shaft keys, each with their own particular role and application. The concept of drive shaft design formula is explained in this article with an example shaft design problem.

This procedure is commonly applied to deep groove ball bearings, angular contact ball bearings, and tapered roller bearings. It contains the gear which connects it to the clutch shaft as well as the main shaft. Drilled shafts design and construction slide 3 of 51 concrete mix design considerations massdot lrfd design manual 2009 section 3. There is no fixed machine design procedure for when the new machine element of the machine is being designed a number of options have to be considered. An example of a component that would produce a thrust load is a worm gear. Design and optimization of 2stage reduction gearbox. Typically, the geometry of a shaft is a stepped cylinder. Find bending moments from gears, pulleys, or sprockets that are transmitting loads to or from other devices. If lip inversionthe turning over of the sealing lip due to friction during installation is a concern, the cone can be oiled, or. Shaft is supported in selfaligning ball bearings and gears are both 10 pitch, 40 tooth, 20 spur gears. Index terms deflection, equationsolving software, nonuniform diameter, scaling factor, shaft design. Design procedure of column footings foundation design. Calculate deflection in stepped shafts the easy way. A 600mm diameter pulley is mounted at a distance of 300mm to the right of left hand bearing and this drives a pulley directly below it with the help of belt having maximum tension of 2250 n.

Egelhoff teaches courses that include petroleum production engineering, oil property evaluation and capstone senior design within the petroleum engineering program at montana tech of the university of montana. Study of critical speed and natural frequency with varying. The typical shaft layout is a stepped element with a circular crosssection, with a wider crosssection at the centre so that several elements can be mounted on it at its ends, which results in a greater section modulus at the central area where flexion causes greater loads. The recommended design procedure for circular shafts is as follows. Design and optimization of 2stage reduction gearbox 1neeraj patel 2tarun gupta 3aniket wankhede 4vilas warudkar 1 23b. The steps on a shaft will only hold the component on one side. Mathematical modeling in design under fatigue loading, stress concentration factor is used in modifying the values of endurance limit while in design under static loading it simply acts as stress modifier.

The attachments include a gear at b attached to shaft the diameter di with a key, a sheave at d over diameter d. For a shaft subjected twisting moment, the angle of twist is given by, where, t torqe applied. For appropriate expression for a and r, compute y n 4. It will also help support components when there is an axial force due to a thrust load. The design considerations of a shaft can be broken down into three areas, fatigue. Mechanicsofmaterials expertise plus the power of software make short work of complex shaft problems. Export single member analysis reports in an easy and professional format to pass on to your client or fellow engineer. While determining the form of a stepped shaft it is borne in mind that the diameter of. Chapter 9 shaft designcolorado school of mines excellent downloadable chapter of shaft design.

J polar moment of inertia of the shaft about the axis of rotation. Shafts are manufactured in stepped as well as plain form. Originally posted by thewitt all steel shafts started stepped. The shaft geometry at intermediate checkpoints is shown in figure 5. A sdvosb service disabled veteran owned small business. Combine the bending stress and the torsional stress using the theories discussed in chapter 4.